Extinction and Colonization of Birds on Habitat Islands

نویسندگان

  • KEVIN R. CROOKS
  • ANDREW V. SUAREZ
  • DOUGLAS T. BOLGER
  • MICHAEL E. SOULÉ
چکیده

We used point-count and transect surveys to estimate the distribution and abundance of eight scrub-breeding bird species in 34 habitat fragments and the urban matrix in southern California. We then calculated local extinction and colonization rates by comparing our data with surveys conducted in 1987. We classified factors that influence extinction and colonization rates into two types: (1) extrinsic factors, which are characteristics of the habitat fragments such as area, age, and isolation and (2) intrinsic factors, which are characteristics of the species that inhabit fragments, such as body size and population density. Over the past decade, at least one species went locally extinct in over 50% of the fragments, and local extinctions were almost twice as common as colonizations. Fragment size and, to a lesser extent, fragment age were the most important extrinsic factors determining extinction and colonization. Density indices of scrub birds were the most important intrinsic factors determining extinction rates, predicting the number of sites occupied, the probability of local extinction, relative area requirements, and time to local extinction. Extinciones y Colonizaciones de Aves en Hábitats Insulares Resumen: Utilizamos conteos puntuales e inspecciones en transectos para estimar la distribución y abundancia de ocho especies de aves con reproducción en maleza, en 34 fragmentos de hábitat y en la matriz urbana del sur de California. Posteriormente calculamos las extinciones locales y las tasas de colonización comparando nuestros datos con inspecciones realizadas en 1987. Clasificamos factores que influencian las tasas de extinción y colonización en dos tipos: (1) factores extrínsecos, características de los fragmentos de hábitat (área, edad y aislamiento) y (2) factores intrínsecos, características de las especies que habitan los fragmentos (tamaño del cuerpo y densidad poblacional). Durante la última década, al menos una especie se extinguió localmente en casi el 50% de los fragmentos y las extinciones locales fueron casi dos veces más comunes que las colonizaciones. El tamaño del fragmento y en menor medida la edad del fragmento fueron los factores extrínsecos más importantes que determinaron las extinciones y las colonizaciones. Los índices de densidad de aves de maleza fueron los factores intrínsecos más importantes determinando las tasas de extinción, prediciendo el número de sitios ocupados, las probabilidades de extinción local, los requerimientos de área relativa y el tiempo para la extinción local.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution.

Islands have long provided material and inspiration for the study of evolution and ecology. The West Indies are complex historically and geographically, providing a rich backdrop for the analysis of colonization, diversification and extinction of species. They are sufficiently isolated to sustain endemic forms and close enough to sources of colonists to develop a dynamic interaction with surrou...

متن کامل

Colonization of the Krakatau Islands by vertebrates: equilibrium, succession, and possible delayed extinction.

MacArthur and Wilson [MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ)] used the rate of recolonization of the Krakatau Islands (sterilized in the cataclysmic 1883 eruption) by birds and vascular plants to test their equilibrium model of immigration and extinction processes on islands. Working with data only up to 1933, they conclu...

متن کامل

Habitat suitability modeling of water birds and waders in Hamun wetland by by Maximum Entropy model

Climate change and human activities have increased negative pressure on natural ecosystems. Wetlands are such ecosystems that widely affected by these negative changes. Birds as a part of wildlife in a wetland have damaged by destruction of wetlands, so, a large group of them, are at risk of extinction. Habitat destruction in wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas has more negative effects on the...

متن کامل

Avian extinction and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands.

The arrival of humans on oceanic islands has precipitated a wave of extinctions among the islands' native birds. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this extinction event varies markedly between avifaunas. We show that the probability that a bird species has been extirpated from each of 220 oceanic islands is positively correlated with the number of exotic predatory mammal species established on tho...

متن کامل

Radiocarbon dates on bones of extinct birds from Hawaii.

Bones from a stratified sedimentary deposit in the Puu Naio Cave site on Maui, Hawaiian Islands, reveal the late Holocene extinction of 19 species of birds. The age of the sediment and associated fauna was determined by direct radiocarbon dating (tandem particle accelerator-mass spectrometer; TAMS) of amino acids extracted from bones weighing as little as 450 mg. The 14C dates indicate that sed...

متن کامل

Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: Modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system.

The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidae) represent a superb illustration of evolutionary radiation, with a single colonization event giving rise to 19 extant and at least 10 extinct species [Curnutt, J. & Pimm, S. (2001) Stud. Avian Biol. 22, 15-30]. They also represent a dramatic example of anthropogenic extinction. Crop and pasture land has replaced their forest habitat, and human introduction...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2001